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A Nuchal Transparency (NT) Test is scheduled between 11 to 13 weeks of the pregnancy to screen the fetal abnormalities if any. It is a sonographic test that screens chromosomal abnormalities and even extracellular matrix and lymphatic drainage can also be screened in this test.
A common screening test is done in 1st trimester of pregnancy is an NT Scan. This test screens the size of Nuchal Translucency that is present clearly at the back of the baby’s neck. Little clear space at the back of the neck of the fetus is not common, but too much clear space indicates Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities such as Edwards Syndrome or Patau Syndrome. The cells in the body contain a nucleus that has all the genetic material inherited from the parents. Generally, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a nucleus that are inherited equally from each parent. In the case of Down Syndrome, there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Down Syndrome can’t be cured and causes delays in the development of the fetus and other distinct physical features include:
Down syndrome is the most common genetic condition and Edwards Syndrom & Patau Syndrome are rare but fatal genetic abnormalities and the babies born with it dies within a year after birth.
The NT Scan should be done in 1st trimester as the clear space behind the baby’s neck can disappear in week 15. This test also screens blood work that helps measure the plasma protein and HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). Abnormal levels of any of these indicate abnormal chromosomal abnormalities.
Any inconclusive or positive test can be frightening for the new parents to be. Hence it is necessary to know that an NT Scan can only predict the risk. This test isn’t offering a definitive answer about the genetic abnormalities as it is only a screening test, not a diagnostic test. The purpose of the NT Scan is to know the risk factors of a particular condition. Whereas, a diagnostic test is done to confirm the condition or abnormality in the fetus.