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Autism, [autism spectrum disorder (ASD)], covers a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that signifies challenges faced with respect to repetitive behaviors, social skills, vocal and nonverbal communication.Being a broad spectrum disorder, the affected individuals have a definite set of challenges and strengths in the way they think, learn, and resolve their issues.

Early diagnosis of autism can be made as early as 12-18 months, which can be seen in the form of delays in normal development. Its indicators are detected by 2 to 3 years of age. When detected at an early age, and treated aggressively it will result in positive outcomes reflected later in the patient’s life.

Signs and symptoms of autism are varied and include:
-Avoidance of eye contact
-Difficulty communicating (can communicate with parents easily, however it is difficult to communicate with friends or other people).
-Lack of interest in people or gestures (pointing)
-Avoidance in social-play
-Lack of orientation
-Repetitive behaviors

There is very high activation of the subcortical system of the brain which is considered to be the pathway useful in the recognition and detection of the face. Thus, making eye contact becomes difficult for autistic patients.

Exact cause of autism is unknown, thus it is believed that differences in the development of brain lead to autism. Also, complex genetic factors are considered to be one of the causative factors.