Hello,
A small black dot on a molar may be an early dental caries lesion, a stained pit or fissure, or another superficial defect. A clinical examination is necessary to determine whether a filling is required. If the lesion is non-cavitated and the enamel is intact, preventive measures such as fluoride application, appropriate oral hygiene, and monitoring may be sufficient. If cavitation is present, restorative treatment may be indicated.
The chalky, milk-white spots may indicate enamel demineralization or a developmental enamel defect. Their appearance and distribution should be assessed to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
Professional scaling and polishing can help remove calculus and extrinsic stains, but they will not treat a cavity or correct all types of white spots
Next Steps
I recommend an in-person dental examination, with radiographs if clinically indicated. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, clean between the teeth, and limit frequent sugary snacks and drinks.
Health Tips
Early evaluation is advisable, even if there is no pain.