Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus. Several factors contribute to GERD, including:
1.Malfunctioning Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): The LES is a ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. If it weakens or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus
2.Hiatal Hernia: This condition occurs when the upper part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. The diaphragm normally helps the LES keep acid from coming up into the esophagus. But if you have a hiatal hernia, it’s easier for acid to come up.
3.Obesity: Excess body weight can increase abdominal pressure, pushing stomach contents into the esophagus
4.Smoking: Smoking can impair muscle function and reduce saliva production, which helps neutralize stomach acid.
5.Certain Medications: Some medications can weaken the LES or increase acid production, such as antihistamines,
calcium channel blockers, and antidepressants.
6.Diet and Lifestyle: Consuming large meals, lying down after eating, eating certain foods (e.g., fatty or fried foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods), and having certain lifestyle habits (e.g., eating late at night) can trigger GERD symptoms.
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