The small bumps on your tongue are usually transient lingual papillitis, a harmless swelling of the taste buds that often shows up with a fever or sore throat, and it settles on its own in a few days. The bigger issue right now is the fever and sore throat severe enough that you can't eat, speak, or keep medicine down.
Next Steps
Since Augmentin came back up, see a doctor in person today about switching to something you can tolerate, and rehydrate with ORS or coconut water in small sips meanwhile. Salt-water gargles help more than betadine for the throat pain.
Health Tips
See a doctor urgently if you can't keep any fluids down, feel very weak, or the fever stays high despite medicine.