What is a food allergy?

An immune system overreaction that occurs soon after eating certain foods is called food allergy. The immune system mistakes and attacks the food as if it is a harmful organism. Food allergies are most commonly seen in babies and children. Even a little amount of food can cause symptoms. In some cases, these symptoms can lead to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis. Diagnosing food allergies can be a challenging task. 

What are the symptoms of a food allergy?

Food allergy symptoms can range from mild to moderate. Usually, they develop within a few minutes to hours after eating the allergic food. Following are a few of the symptoms:

• Tingling or itching sensation in the mouth
• Hives, or eczema
• Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, or other parts of the body
• Wheezing
• Nasal congestion or breathing problems
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness 

What are the triggers of food allergies?

• Following are a few of the triggers of food allergy:
• Eggs 
• Fish 
• Milk 
• Nuts from trees (including hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and Brazil nuts)
• Peanuts (groundnuts)
• Shellfish (including shrimps, mussels, and crab)
• Soya 
• Wheat 
• Proteins in certain fruits, vegetables 

When should an individual seek medical help for food allergy?

Seek immediate medical treatment if anyone experiences the following signs:

• Constriction of airways 
• Rapid pulse or heartbeat 
• Difficulty in breathing
• Sudden fall of blood pressure 
• Loss of consciousness
• Tachycardia

Who can treat food allergy?

Well experienced Immunologists can treat food allergy. They can suggest various treatment options to reduce the symptoms caused due to allergy and prevent the severity. 

How is food allergy diagnosed?

There is no particular test used to diagnose a food allergy. Doctors will perform different tests and assess different factors before making a diagnosis. Few of them are:

• Family history of allergies
• Physical examination
• Skin test
• Blood test
• Elimination of a particular diet
• Oral food challenge

What is the treatment for food allergies?

The first step of treatment suggested by the doctor is to avoid particular food that causes allergy. Medications prescribed for severe symptoms are:

• Antihistamines  - available in the form of gels, creams, and tablet and is given for mild to moderate symptoms
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)  - can be helpful during anaphylaxis shock