Fillers are natural or synthetic substances injected underneath the skin to add fullness and volume. They can be used for the treatment of wrinkles, to reduce the appearance of scars, to plump up thin lips or hand, and to enhance cheekbones. The duration that the effect of these fillers lasts is dependent on the materials utilised and it can be temporary or permanent.

The materials that are used in fillers include:
calcium hydroxylapatite - effect stays for 18 months
hyaluronic acid - effects lasts for maximum 6 to 12 months
poly-L-lactic acid - effect lasts for about 2 years
collagen - effect is seen for 3 to 4 months
polymethylmethacrylate beads - the only approved filler that is permanent

These fillers are not authorized to be used on particular parts of the body such as for breast, buttocks or muscle enhancement. If used for such cases, they may result in infections, serious injuries such as permanent scarring or disfigurement, stroke and even death.

The most common side-effects associated with fillers are:
itching
bruising
skin rash
bleeding
redness
swelling
presence of lumps that can be felt and seen
infection or scarring of the skin
vision problems such as blurred vision
allergic reactions

Most of the side-effects occur immediately after injecting fillers, and these subside within two weeks. However, the side-effects can show up weeks, months or years after the injection in rare cases. Consult a doctor if there are any queries or concerns with respect to fillers.