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A urologist is a medical specialist who deals with the disorders of the male and female urinary system as well as the male reproductive tract. Urologists provide treatment to different parts of the urinary tract, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and adrenal glands. They also treat diseases related to the penis, prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, and testes.

Some of the conditions that the urologists can treat are:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Kidney stones
Incontinence
Bladder prolapse
Painful bladder syndrome
Bladder, prostate, testicular and kidney cancer
Male infertility
Cryptorchidism (undescended testes)
Erectile dysfunction (ED)
Enlarged prostate gland

While urologists diagnose and treat conditions of the urinary tract along with those of the male reproductive system, nephrologists specialise in the treatment of kidney diseases. Also, a urologist can perform surgery, but a nephrologist is not qualified to do it.

You should visit a urologist if you experience:
Repeated or urgent urge to urinate
Blood in the urine
Lower back or pelvic pain
Painful urination that burns
Difficulty in urination
Leakage of urine
Dribbling, weak urine stream
A reduced sexual desire
A lump in the testis
Difficulty in maintaining an erection

A urologist can treat urological disorders of the female reproductive system such as bladder prolapse, UTIs, or leakage in urine during pregnancy. They may also work along with a gynaecologist to treat conditions such as pelvic pain in women. Moreover, a urologist can specialise in a type of urology known as female urology that focuses on diseases of the reproductive and urinary tract of women.