Migraine is defined as a neurological disorder characterised by intense headaches along with nausea, vomiting and light and sound sensitivity. Migraine episodes may be with or without aura. Migraine aura constitutes certain disturbances, such is headaches, heightened sensitivity to noise and light before migraine symptoms appear.

There are several causes that can trigger an attack of migraine. These include stress; depression; anxiety; hormonal changes; alcohol; caffeine; medications, such as sleeping pills or hormone replacement therapy; strong light and smells; smoke; and loud noises.

Migraine attacks can be reduced instantly by using a cold pack, easing pressure on the scalp by massaging, laying in a dim environment and yoga.

It has been reported that women experience migraine attacks longer than men. This is due to the oestrogen influence in women, which increases the prevalence of migraine after puberty.

After a prior diagnosis, a person can predict if they are having a migraine attack based on a preceding aura followed by intense headaches. Self-diagnosis is not advisable, and it is best to get recurrent headaches examined by a doctor.