Yes,  India is very much at par with the dental technology.  There are handful of clinics in India which do administer Concious Sedation.  What happens in Concious Sedation is nitrous oxide (that is laughing gas) is used to sedate the patient. Though the patient is concious, patient will not feel a thing. Concious sedation can be done prior to administering LA injection.  Hence,  the fear of needle is overcome and yes, concious sedation is lot more safer compared to GA.

India is at par with any other place in terms of available dental technology. There's no technique of extraction without injection or needle anywhere in this world, including India. However there are certain techniques /procedures which can reduce your pain and anxiety before injection. They are (in no particular order)- topical surface anesthetic sprays and gels; electronic assisted local anesthesia ( magic wand); preanesthetic medications; certain pain killers if used 2 hours prior to injection also reduce its pain.

First of all I truly believe we can save most teeth,  including some root pieces which are healthy.  With the help of lasers and proper Root Canal Therapy we can do wonders.  Research has proved that root canal therapy has 99 percent success rate compared to Implants also which is 95 percent.  So extractions are very rare these days.  Except in third molar impactions or extremely mobile teeth caused due to severe bone loss and periodontal disease.

Not right now but in complicated cases and if person allergic to LA surgery can be done under general anaesthesia.But few measures before LA can reduce pain during injection.

Tooth removal requires anaesthetic effect on Nerves. Since nerves are deep(unlike muscles), it needs needle to deposit the solution. Till now local anaesthesia without needle is not possible. Nowdays good topical anaesthetics(which numb the skin where injection is required) are available which greatly reduces the pain on needle prick infact most times patient don't feel the pain of needle prick. Its only when anaesthetic solution is deposited he/she got to feel some pain.