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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder that affects about 10% of school going kids and also teenagers. This condition can continue well into adulthood.
ADHD is more common in boys than in girls. It is usually discovered in the early school ages, when a child begins to have problems with paying attention and focusing on something for a period of time.
Children with ADHD may be hyperactive and very impulsive and have the attention span of a fly. These behaviors interfere with social, school, and personal life.
Adults with ADHD usually display symptoms of being disorganized, not being able to manage time, difficulty in setting goals, and holding down a job for a length of time. The adults may also frequently suffer from self-confidence and self-esteem issues, issues in relationships, and may be prone to addictions.
The exact cause of ADHD is not known, though researchers have found physiological markers which separate people who ADHD from those who don’t. They found that the brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, work differently in children and adults who suffer from ADHD. Even nerve pathways work differently in children with ADHD, than those who do not have this disorder.
Further, the brain of a person with ADHD is generally 5% smaller than someone without ADHD, especially the regions involved in attention, impulse control, and stimulus integration. Imbalanced levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine also play a role in causing ADHD.
People suffering from ADHD have a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity that occurs in academic, occupational, or social settings. The hyperactivity can show up as excessively fidgeting, or talking non-stop, while impulsiveness can show up as impatience, frequently interrupting, or blurting out answers, and inattention can show up as careless mistakes, failing to complete tasks, being disorganized, not able to keep track of things, and getting easily distracted.
The exact cause of ADHD is not known, though researchers have found physiological markers which separate people who ADHD from those who don’t. They found that the brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, work differently in children and adults who suffer from ADHD. Even nerve pathways work differently in children with ADHD, than those who do not have this disorder.
Further, the brain of a person with ADHD is generally 5% smaller than someone without ADHD, especially the regions involved in attention, impulse control, and stimulus integration. Imbalanced levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine also play a role in causing ADHD.
People suffering from ADHD have a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity that occurs in academic, occupational, or social settings. The hyperactivity can show up as excessively fidgeting, or talking non-stop, while impulsiveness can show up as impatience, frequently interrupting, or blurting out answers, and inattention can show up as careless mistakes, failing to complete tasks, being disorganized, not able to keep track of things, and getting easily distracted.
Although the exact cause or causes of ADHD has not been found, there are multiple factors which have been implicated in the development of this disorder. The factors include:
The symptoms of ADHD include:
A psychiatrist or a paediatric psychiatrist (in case of a child) can diagnose ADHD with the help of the standard guidelines in, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
The doctor may give a questionnaire that is to be filled by the person, which will help to determine whether the person has ADHD or not.
In addition, the doctor will carefully examine the impact of the symptoms on the person’s/child’s life and the performance at work or in school and relationships with family and friends.
The complications related to ADHD include:
Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the doctor may prescribe medicines to bring the symptoms under control and also suggest therapies such as behaviour modification, psychotherapy or counselling, and social skills training. For children suffering from ADHD special education may be suggested.
Exercising sparks positive changes in the brain. In fact, exercising can help kids with ADHD push past failures and rise up to the challenges of things they did not succeed at before. Walking, running, swimming, yoga, aerobics, taekwondo, and gymnastics are the different forms of exercises anyone with ADHD can do.
Dances such as ballet are also immensely beneficial for people with ADHD.
There is a high prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in India with a higher prevalence among the boys than girls.
Around the globe, between 6 to 7 per cent of children are diagnosed with ADHD, making it the most commonly diagnosed paediatric neurodevelopmental disorder.
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