Hello,
It's very common to loose power of abdominal muscle after surgery. He need abs strengthening exe. But strictly under physiotherapist instructions as his age is 49, he may get backache if any mistake will there. For incision pain, massage should be done. Ball llike structure during cough may be hernia as abdominal muscle week, internal organ comes out due to increase in abdominal pressure while coughing.
Next Steps
Consult a good physiotherapist for home visit and start exercise.
Health Tips
Your father can use a pillow or support while coughing to give pressure on that place.