Medical degree, DO - The University of Rochester School of Medicine, 1976
Medical degree, DO - University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1976
Residency in Pediatrics - University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 1978
Residency in Pediatrics - University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 1981
Fellowship in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine - University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 1979
Residency in Anaesthesiology - University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 1980
Residency in Pediatrics - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 1981
Medical School - University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1980