Medical degree, DO - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1984
Research fellowship in Cardiac Anesthesia - University Of California, San Francisco, 1988
Residency in Anesthesia - University Of California, San Francisco, 1987
M.D. - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1984
Residency in Anaesthesiology - University Of California, San Francisco, 1988
Internship, Transitional Year - Stanford Health Care, 1985
Class of 1984 - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1984
Medical degree, DO - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1985