Medical degree, DO - Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1978
A.B. in Biology - G Washington University, 1974
M.D. - Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1978
General Surgery internship - Mt. Zion Hospital, 1979
Residency in General Surgery - Mt. Zion Hospital, 1983
Fellowship in Peripheral Vascular Surgery - Thomas Fogarty Associates, 1984
Fellowship in Vascular & Endovascular Surgery - Texas Tech University HSC, 2005
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training - University of California, 2019
Residency in Thoracic Surgery - Sequoia Hospital, 1984
Residency in Surgery (Gen) - University Of California, San Francisco, 1983