Residency in Internal Medicine - Scripps Mercy Hospital, 1978
Residency in Internal Medicine - Metropolitan New York Medical College, 1978
Residency in Internal Medicine - Scripps Mercy Hospital, 1979
Class of 1976 - New York Medical College, 1976
Bachelor’s degree in physiology - The State University of New York at Buffalo, 1972
Master’s Degree in Physiology - The State University of New York at Buffalo, 1974
PhD in Physiology - The State University of New York at Buffalo, 1976
Medical School - New York Medical College, 1976