Medical School - University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 1980
Medical School - University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, 1980
Class of 1980 - University Of The Witwatersrand, 1980
Internship-Internal Medicine - The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University, 1986
Residency in Internal Medicine - Emory University School of Medicine / Emory University, 1988
Residency in Anaesthesiology - The University Of Chicago, 1991
Fellowship in Critical Care Medicine - Presbyterian Shadyside Hospital, UPMC Medical Education, 1989
Medical degree, DO - Wits Medical School, University of the Witwatersrand, 1980