Intern - Internal Medicine - McGill University, 1984
Cardiovascular Diseases - Baylor College of Medicine, 1986
Internship - McGill University, 1982
Residency - ID - McGill University, 1984
Fellowship in cardiology - Baylor College of Medicine, 1986
Medical degree, DO - University of Manitoba, 1981
Residency in Internal Medicine - McGill University, 1984
Fellowship in cardiology - Baylor College of Medicine, 1987
Medical School - University of Manitoba, 1981
Internship - Montreal General Hospital, 1982
Fellowship 2 - Baylor College of Medicine, 1987