Medical School - Mayo Clinic, 1979
Resident - University of California, San Diego, 1983
Fellow - Brigham & Women's Hospital, 1984
Fellow - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, 1986
Medical School - Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 1979
Residency in Neurology - Brigham and Women's Hospital / Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, 1984
Internship, Transitional Year - University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 1980