Medical Doctor - The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 1982
Medical School - The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 1982
Premed training - University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1974
Non-degree in Mathematics - University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1977
Medical degree, DO - The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 1982
Residency in Internal Medicine - Wright-Patterson AFB Medical Center, 1985
Graduate studies in Medical Informatics - University of Utah SOM, 1990
Chief Residency in Psychiatry - Texas Tech University HSC, 2014