Fellowship in Rheumatology - Drexel University College of Medicine, 1981
Fellowship in Nephrology - Drexel University College of Medicine, 1983
Fellowship in Nephrology - Drexel University College of Medicine, 1982
Residency in Internal Medicine - Drexel University College of Medicine, 1981
D.O., Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, 1992
Residency in General Surgery - Des Moines General Hospital, 1997