B.Sc. (Honours Biochemistry) - McGill University, 1974
M.D.C.M. - McGill University, 1978
Medical degree, DO - McGill University, 1978
Medical degree, DO - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1984
Residency in Pathology - Anatomical and Clinical - UPMC Medical Education / UPMC, 1986
Training in internal medicine - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1979
Other Training, General Surgery - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1980