Medical Education - Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1976
Medical Degree - Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1980
Residency in Ophthalmology - Thomas Jefferson University / Wills Eye Hospital, 1980
Residency in Ophthalmology - Scripps Clinic/Scripps Green Hospital, 1982
Internship-Internal Medicine - Main Line Health System / Lankenau Medical Center, 1977
Fellowship 2 - Francis I. Proctor Foundation/University of California San Francisco, 1982
Residency - ID - The Wills Eye Hospital, 1980