Medical degree, DO - Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1976
AB cum laude - Amherst College, 1971
Fellow - Clinical Fellow - Academies of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing & Shanghai, 1989
Fellow - Clinical Fellow - University of Dar-es-Salaam, 1976
Medical degree, DO - Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1979
Medical School - Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons