Medical degree, DO - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1981
Residency in Neurological Surgery - New York Presbyterian Hospital (Cornell Campus), 1986
Residency in Surgery (Gen) - Stanford University SOM, 1982
Residency in Surgery (Gen) - Stanford University SOM, 1981
M.D. - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1981
Ph.D. - The University Of Chicago, 1980
M.A. - The University Of Chicago, 1976
B.S. - Syracuse University, 1974