Ph.D. in Pharmacology - Columbia University Columbia University, 1976
Psychoanalysis Certificate - Columbia University Columbia University, 1988
Chief Residency in Psychiatry - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1981
Residency in Internal Medicine - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1978
Class of 1976 - Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1976
Class of 1976 - University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, 1976
Medical degree, DO - University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, 1976
Medical School - Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1976