Medical School - STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK / HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SYRACUSE, 1974
Medical degree, DO - Suny Upstate Medical University, 1974
Internship-Internal Medicine - Sutter Health California Pacific Medical Center, 1975
Residency in Ophthalmology - BronxCare Health System, 1980
Medical School - Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1984
Internship-Internal Medicine - Columbia Campus, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 1980
Chief Residency in Psychiatry - New York Presbyterian Hospital (Columbia)/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1984
Medical Education - STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK / HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SYRACUSE, 1974
Medical School - SUNY Upstate Medical University College of Medicine, 1974
Residency in Ophthalmology - NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 2012