Mbchb - University of Cape Town Medical School, 1972
Doctor of Medicine - University of Cape Town, 1972
Residency - ID - Groot Schuur Hospital, 1977
Residency - ID - Johannesburg General Hospital, 1978
Fellowship 2 - Vanderbilt University Medical Center GME, 1981
Residency - ID - Vanderbilt University Medical Center GME, 1982
Fellowship 2 - Vanderbilt University Medical Center GME, 1983
Medical degree, DO - UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN / FACULTY OF MEDICINE, 1972