Medical degree, DO - Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1983
Residency in Internal Medicine - Loma Linda University, 1986
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Loma Linda University, 1989
Critical Care Fellowship - The University Of Virginia, 1990
Master of Business - Auburn University, 2010
MBA - Auburn University, 2010
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Loma Linda University, 1988
Fellowship, Critical Care Medicine (Anesthesiology) - The University Of Virginia, 1990