Medical degree, DO - Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 1970
Residency in Internal Medicine - Duke University Hospital, Duke University, 1974
Fellowship in Cardiovascular Diseases - Duke University Hospital, Duke University, 1976
M.D. - Western Reserve University, 1970
A.B. - Johns Hopkins University, 1966
Medical School - Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 1970
Residency - ID - Duke University Medical Center / Duke University, 1974
Fellowship 2 - Duke University Medical Center / Duke University, 1976
Bachelor of Arts - BA - Johns Hopkins University, 1966
Medical degree, DO - Western Reserve University, 1970