Medical School - Tufts University School of Medicine, 1970
Class of 1970 - Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1970
Internship - Loma Linda University Health Education Consortium Program, 1971
Residency - ID - Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 1977
Residency - ID - Loma Linda University Health Education Consortium Program, 1978
Medical School - Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 1970
Medical degree, DO - School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1981