Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1976
Residency in Orthopaedic Surgery - UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 1978
Internship in Transitional Year - Santa Clara Valley Medical Center Gme, 1977
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Los Angeles County-Harbor-Ucla Medical Center, 1982
Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering - Stanford University SOM, 1974