D.O., Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1972
Medical degree, DO - Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1972
Medical School - Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1972
Residency - ID - Saint Vincent's Medical Center, 1975
Internship - Public Health Service Hospital, 1973