Medical degree, DO - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1985
Residency in Anaesthesiology - UPMC Medical Education / UPMC, 1987
Residency in Internal Medicine - University of Connecticut, 1985
Internship-Internal Medicine - Providence Health & Services - Oregon/St Vincent Hospital and Medical Center, 1983
Medical degree, DO - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1982
Medical degree, DO - McGill University School of Medicine, 1982
Medical School - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1982
Medical Education - McGill University School of Medicine, 1982