Medical degree, DO - University Of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 1982
Medical degree, DO - Emory University School of Medicine / Emory University, 1986
Residency in Radiology-Diagnostic - University of Virginia Medical Center, University of Virginia Medical Center, 1986
Internship - Barnes Jewish Hospital, 1987
Residency - ID - Barnes Jewish Hospital, 1988
Cardiovascular Surgery Fellowship - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, 1990
Residency in General Surgery - The Medical University Of South Carolina, 1993
Fellowship, Thoracic Surgery - The University of North Carolina, 1996
Cardiac surgery fellowship - Brompton Hospital, 1997
Class of 1982 - University Of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 1982