Medical School - University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 1982
Emergency Medicine Residency - Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, 1985
Internship in Transitional Year - Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, 1983
Medical degree, DO - University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 1982
Medical School - University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 1983
Naturopathic Medicine - Southwest College Of Naturopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, 1985