PhD (Pathology) - Western Reserve University, 1977
Residency - ID - The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 1980
Fellowship 2 - University of Miami - Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 1979
Internship - The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 1978
Class of 1977 - Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 1977
Medical degree, DO - Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 1979
Fellowship in Neuro-ophthalmology - Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 1979