D.O., Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1986
Medical Education - The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 1986
Bachelor's in Psychobiology - Wayne State University-MED, 1981
AS in Nursing - Macomb County Community College, 1978
Class of 1986 - Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1986
Internship, Transitional Year - McLaren Health Care / Macomb / MSU, 1987
Residency, Emergency Medicine - Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University (Detroit Receiving Hospital), 1990
Post-Doctoral Fellowship - University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1993