Medical degree, DO - Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1980
Internship-Internal Medicine - Loma Linda University Health Education Consortium Program, 1981
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Loma Linda University Health Education Consortium Program, 1983
Residency in Anaesthesiology - The University of Colorado, 1984
Medical School - Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 1980
Class of 1980 - Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1980