Residency in Anaesthesiology - Suny Upstate Medical University, 1983
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Suny Upstate Medical University, 1981
Class of 1972 - Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine, 1972
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Suny Upstate Medical University, 1982
Medical School - Masarykova Univerzita Lékařská Fakulta, 1972
Medical degree, DO - Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine, 1972