Medical School - Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 1973
Residency in Anaesthesiology - University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 1976
Internship in Transitional Year - Mercy Hospital (St Louis), 1974
Class of 1973 - Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 1973
Medical School - Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 1976
Medical degree, DO - Washington University School of Medicine, 1973