Undergraduate Degree in Humanities and Health Science - The State University of New York at Buffalo, 1978
B.A. - The State University of New York at Buffalo, 1979
M.A. - Stanford University SOM, 1982
M.D. - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1983
Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa - The State University of New York at Buffalo, 1978
Master’s Degree in Physiology - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1982
Medical degree, DO - Stanford University School of Medicine, 1983