Residency in Pediatrics - Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 1979
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Mass General Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1985
Medical degree, DO - Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 1979
Pediatrics, Internship - University of Maryland Hospital, 1980
Residency in Pediatrics - University of Maryland Hospital, 1983
Residency in Pediatrics - Chief Resident - University of Maryland Hospital, 1983
Residency in Anaesthesiology - Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1985
Fellowship in Pediatric Critical Care Fellowship - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 1986
Fellowship in Medical Ethics - HARVARD Medical School, 2000