Medical degree, DO - Mc Master University, 1977
Chief Residency in Psychiatry - HARVARD Medical School, 1984
Chief Residency in Psychiatry - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - West, 1981
Internship-Internal Medicine - University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1978
Class of 1977 - Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, 1977
Medical School - MCMASTER UNIVERSITY / FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, 1977