Medical Education - Perelman School of Medicine-University of Pennsylvania, 1966
Board Certification in Infectious Diseases - American Board of Internal Medicine, 1999
Fellowship 2 - Tufts Medical Center, 1999
Residency, Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1996
Residency, Internal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1992
Medical School - University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, 1991