Biology undergraduate degree - University of Missouri–Kansas City, 1979
Medical Degree - University Of Missouri-Kansas City School Of Medicine, 1979
Medical degree, DO - University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 2000
Internship, Internal Medicine - Carilion Clinic / Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, 1984
Residency, Emergency Medicine - Old Dominion University, 1987
Anesthesiology, Residency - Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, 2004
Medical degree, DO - University Of Missouri-Kansas City School Of Medicine, 1982