Class of 1971 - Duke University School Of Medicine, 1971
Internship - Albany Medical Center, 1972
Residency - ID - Duke University Hospital, Duke University, 1973
Residency - ID - Baylor College of Medicine, 1977
Medical degree, DO - Duke University School Of Medicine, 1974
Residency in Internal Medicine - Baylor College of Medicine, 1977
Internship-Internal Medicine - Albany Medical Center, 1972
Residency in Internal Medicine - Duke University Hospital, Duke University, 1973
Medical School - Duke University, 1971
B.A. in Philosophy - Dartmouth College, 1967
P.h.D. - The University of Texas - Austin, 1991
Medical degree, DO - Duke University, 1971